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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | A boat of cedar planks, some 44 metres long, is buried at Giza | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | The largest sculpture of the ancient world, a sphinx with the face of the pharaoh Khufu, is carved in situ at Giza | |
|  | Sphinx
Photograph Josceline Dimbleby
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | To preserve bodies in perpetuity, the Egyptian ruling class develops the elaborate and lengthy process of mummifying an eviscerated corpse | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | It is not known when cats are first domesticated, but from the start of Egyptian civilization they are sacred animals in temples | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | To ensure continued comfort in the afterlife, rich Egyptians have models placed in their tombs of the necessary servants and utensils | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Mentuhotep II wins control of all Egypt, establishing the period known as the Middle Kingdom | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | The centre of power in Egypt moves to the interior, with the capital at Thebes rather than Memphis | |
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| c. 1850 BC |
| | | Wrestlers are painted on the walls of an Egyptian tomb, performing most of the holds and falls still in use today | |
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| c. 1750 BC |
| | | A mathematical papyrus, copied out by Ahmes, an Egyptian scribe, offers some of the world's first exam questions | |
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| c. 1700 BC |
| | | The biblical account suggests that around this period the Hebrews are a captive tribe in Egypt | |
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